75 completely “dissect” and think. Enryō learned this from the empiri-cal scholarship of the West. This equates to science. Going further, by taking the results of those individual dissections (knowledge) and working out how they fit together, we can obtain an overall under-standing of what Enryō called philosophy. This was episteme and so-phia, or scientia and sapientia—that is, knowledge and wisdom, or sci-ence and philosophy. It was Enryō’s goal to combine these pairs. When we speak of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle we think of them as philosophers of ancient Greece, but Aristotle, who was active in the fourth century before the Common Era, is known for leaving behind a large amount of scholarship. His achievements cover a mul-titude of disciplines, including logic (which is the methodology of scholarship), natural science, cosmology, ethics, and political science. His scholarship encompassed the natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences. It was Andronicus who, thirty years into the Common Era, organized Aristotle’s theory of learning. When Andronicus organized Aristotle’s writings he thought that there was something “after” a complete investigation into nature—all of the phenomena in the universe, society, and nature—some-thing that transcends nature (i.e. a meta). He gave the name prōtē philosophia (the first philosophy) to Aristotle’s work, but he called the sort of scholarship that explores the root of things ta meta ta physika, “that after the physics.” This is the field of study that is known as metaphysics today. Metaphysics means that without form, i.e. reason. We know things through sensation, perception, experience, and anal-ysis. Then we search for principles and causes. Thus, metaphysics is following the path from physical phenomena to underlying essence.
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