58 Therefore, although individuals were free to establish private schools as they liked, they did not receive any assistance from the government, nor did they receive any preferential treatment like the Imperial University (which evolved out the University of Tokyo, in 1886). If we look at it from the other way, though, the fact they were not integrated into the system meant they were not restricted by the state. The founders were free to shape their schools based on their own educational principles. Consequently, from the early part of the Meiji era onward, many private schools emerged with unique founding principles. Figure 1 above shows twenty-five private schools (listed in order of the year of founding) that were established under the old uni-versity system during the Meiji period and continued under the new system after the war. From this table we can see that schools were established one after the other in the Meiji 10s, 1877–1886, a time when modern education was first beginning in Japan. It is especially interesting to note that it was during this time that the “five great law schools” were established, being today’s Senshu University, Ho-sei University, Meiji University, Waseda University, and Chuo Uni-versity. These were unique in that they were established to comple-ment the role of the Imperial University in training lawyers. Outside of a one-time special subsidy of five hundred yen to these five schools, the government did nothing to subsidize private schools. The intention of private schools was to provide higher education in a non-governmental context, but their role in society gradually be-gan to increase despite the lack of official recognition.
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