NISHI Amane, a member of the gentry who studied at Leiden Uni-(哲) means “bright,” “sagacious,” and “wise,” but it was not a charac-35 time when they did not build up from elementary school like they do today. Moreover, the texts were in English so it took great effort to understand. When it came to people’s attitude toward challengers like Enryō, lack of understanding and sympathy came with the territory. Regardless, receiving that unsympathetic warning against moving away must have been disappointing and disheartening. The philosophy that was born in Greece was imported to Japan by versity in the Netherlands at the end of the Edo period. Nishi took the two parts of the Greek word, philo and sophia, “passionate pursuit” and “wisdom,” and translated it as tetsugaku, “study of wisdom.” Tetsu ter people were familiar with at the time. In September 1881 philosophy had just become its own independ-ent department at the university and Enryō was the only student to enter. He was twenty-three years old at the time. In that era at the University of Tokyo, foreign teachers were hired to teach classes in English and other languages, and the students studied the latest Western ideas without Japanese translations. In this department, Enryō studied philosophy starting with logic and mov-ing on to psychology, metaphysics, and ethics. The Western philoso-phy teachers included Ernest FENOLLOSA from Harvard University and TOYAMA Masakazu from the University of Michigan, who was given the nickname “Spencer’s gatekeeper.” Studying Philosophy in the Literature Department
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