commenting on a lack of basic necessities. He had to sit side by side with them, share a cup of their “village liquor,” and smoke their homemade cigarettes. In this way he was able to fully achieve the purpose of his travels. One of the graduates of the academy said, “When I was in school Professor Enryō was always coldly sullen, but after he retired and started giving lectures he was always warmly smiling.” It appears that Enryō must have found meaning in life through spending time with everyday people. After retiring from the university Enryō decided to buy back around fifty thousand square meters of land where the university was to be relocated. At the time the land was home to the Philosophy Shrine (today’s Temple Garden of Philosophy in Nakano ward, Tokyo). The only structure that had been built by 1904 was the Philosophy Shrine (today’s Four Sages Hall), dedicated to the four sages: Shakyamuni, Confucius, Socrates, and Kant. Enryō had begun his Morality Church movement in 1906, and for a year he observed the reactions of various audiences. Perhaps this was to test demand for a nationwide tour. He did not make local communities pay for the lectures and instead collected donations and gave pieces of calligraphy in return. He decided to leave half of the donations collected in the local area and bring half back to Tokyo so he could turn the Philosophy Shrine into a park. This is why Enryō’s calligraphy can still be found in various places today. Establishing the Philosophy Shrine 173
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