president and the lecturers and alumni. This went on to change the school atmosphere to one of internal conflict. The reapplication for the accreditation could not be realized without Enryō’s consent. His attitude is said to have been “bull-headed,” as was seen in his post-return rehiring of Nakajima Tokuzō. The problem of the university’s reapplication was initially some-thing Enryō tried to deal with on his own. However, his inability to resolve it meant it also started to affect some teaching staff and other people close to Enryō. Now, the problem threatened to shake the structure of the alumni association. Those in favor of reforming the association expressed the opinion that, “the president is taking an antagonistic stance against the Min-istry of Education” and that, “Academy-graduate teaching staff have formed a kind of clique and are extremely dictatorial.” They believed that this behavior was not only found within the alumni association but that it was extending to the running of the university. This move-ment, which came to be known as the “Philosophy Academy Univer-sity Reformation Incident,” saw the president being sandwiched in a conflict between opposing cliques of graduates. When the side advocating for reform sought solidarity from alumni across the country it escalated to the point that the opposing faction in the school sued four prominent reformation movement members for forgery of private documents. The case was settled through mediation by the prosecutor but the internal issues, includ-ing this incident of alumni conflict, only became more problematic. 148
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