Despite being faced with these proposals and recommendations Enryō responded that, “I cannot bear to do this again because it al-ways ends in misfortune.” He refused to accept the petitions, saying he could not reapply unless the problems of the affected graduates and faculty were resolved. At the bottom of this reapplication issue was a difference of opin-ion between Enryō and the lecturers and alumni regarding how the university should be structured. The latter believed they should aim at developing the university within the scope of the newly enacted Vocational School Decree’s system for higher education. Their focus was on cultivating competent educators in the interests of research-ing and popularizing philosophy, as Philosophy Academy University was the only school in Japan specializing in the subject. On the other hand, as was highlighted following the Incident, En-ryō wanted to “establish a purely private school with a spirit of inde-pendence and self-reliance.” He wanted to contribute to society and maintain and develop the university without losing the founding spirit of the school and without relying on the Ministry of Education. It was based on this line of thinking that Enryō established Phi-losophy Academy University and Keihoku Middle School. This was also the thinking behind his proposal following the Incident regard-ing the Morality Church Movement as a form of social education. It also informed his establishment of the Keihoku Kindergarten in April 1905 in response to the need for preschool education. However, due partly to the fact that Philosophy Academy Univer-sity was born under the new system of the Vocational School Decree, differences in thinking on the school arose between the university 147
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