one of the lecturers at the Philosophy Academy.” It would seem that Enryō’s efforts to reinstate him at this point were based on a desire to return things to how they were before the incident. Before returning to Japan, on May thirtieth, Enryō sent a farewell address to be read at the school’s thirteenth graduation ceremony. In it he stated that the future policy of the Philosophy Academy would be “to establish a purely private school with a spirit of independence and self-reliance.” He did not, however, give any concrete examples of this policy. On September fifth Enryō published “A Message to All Alumni” in which he clarified the future policy of the Philosophy Academy in detail. In the text he discussed the different characteristics of English and Japanese people. He argued that the reason for England becom-ing the most advanced country in the world was the character of its people. First of all, English people are rich in the spirit of independ-ence and self-reliance. Secondly, they are a practical people. They master lofty theories but never forget practicality. This spirit is lack-ing in the Japanese people, and the aim of the Philosophy Academy in the future will be to cultivate such a spirit. He then described re-forms to the Academy in the following six areas. 1. Establishing university courses. A university system will be estab-lished in accordance with the Vocational School Decree of 1903. There will be three courses: preparatory, specialized, and university. The specialized course will take three years. The university course will take five years and graduates will be awarded the title “Graduate” or “Master of Philosophy.” 141
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