from Course One of the education department. In his commence-ment address Enryō drew the students’ attention to the fact that they were the first graduates who were eligible for certification without government examination. He also cautioned them about applying Western scholarly ideas to a Japanese context. In addition, Nakajima touched on the theory and application of Muirhead’s theory of self-realization and explained that because “it is the latest and most incisiveness theory, it sometimes engenders danger.” Therefore, he stated, in its application people must be care-ful they do not operate on an incomplete understanding. This way they can avoid causing real-world misunderstandings. Katō Mitsuo, who wrote the problematic answer, gave the formal reply speech as the student body valedictorian. Around November tenth Enryō, Nakajima, and YUMOTO Take-hiko visited Kumamoto Aritaka and others at the Ministry of Edu-cation. Rumors had been circulating since just a few days after the exams that the Philosophy Academy might not be able to grant the teaching licenses without further governmental examination. On the thirteenth Enryō visited OKADA Ryōhei, director-general of the Ministry. Okada told him about the problematic textbooks and examination questions. In response Enryō stated that, “Educa-tion in ethics at the Philosophy Academy, while allowing free inves-tigation, has its foundation in loyalty and filial piety based on the Im-perial Rescript on Education.” In Enryō’s view the Academy allowed free and open debate, but there was no problem as its education was based in piety and obedient loyalty to the emperor and the Rescript. At the time he did not foresee a large issue so two days later on the 129
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