had already opened a university department and that Waseda had been preparing for it since the previous year. Enryō credits these uni-versities as excellent examples for the Academy to follow. His deci-sion to establish university courses was made in light of this growing momentum. Private schools were now fulfilling the conditions nec-essary for further development, and in 1902 Tokyo Vocational Col-lege became Waseda University, with a few provisos. In an article “Overview of Meiji 35” published in The Central Re-view in December 1902 there was a section titled “The Sudden Rise of Private Universities.” Toward the end it had the following. I would very much welcome it if the likes of Waseda, the Phi-losophy Academy, and Meiji Law School, in their track record and reputation, were to compete with the law and liberal arts schools of the Imperial University and, being found not inferior, took the small step of strengthening their base and increasing in size, thereby becoming universities. The sudden rise of pri-vate universities is a major turning point in Japanese education. This was a time when private schools in general were growing in power and there emerged some, such as the Philosophy Academy, that had amassed so much strength they were able to rival the Impe-rial University. Enryō was steady in his approach to management, but he was not passive and worked proactively. It is likely he saw things like accredi-tation for teacher certification as opportunities for proactively creat-ing a new university and a comprehensive school system. Therefore, he decided to use the Haramachi site exclusively for Keihoku Middle 121
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