(Doshisha University). Then, in 1901, was Taiwan Association School (Takushoku University) and Research Institute for the Japa-nese Classics (Kokugakuin University). In 1902 was Western Law School (Kansai University) and Kyoto School of Law and Politics (Ritsumeikan University). Receiving permission in 1900 meant the Philosophy Academy was one of the later schools. The second was the issue of national certification. Due to the Ministry of Education’s policy of “public institutions important and private not,” there was a gap between government (national) and pri-vate schools. Only government school students were able to obtain a teaching license for middle schools without having to take the Min-istry of Education’s exams when graduating. Private schools teachers had to take the Ministry of Education’s so-called “Literary Examina-tion” for certification. Since more than ten students of the Philosophy Academy had passed this exam, Enryō applied to the Ministry of Education twice, starting in 1890, for approval for authorization to certify middle school teachers without government examination. Both times his ap-plication was rejected but Enryō did not give up. He consulted with the Research Institute for the Japanese Classics and Tokyo Voca-tional College, and with Enryō as the representative they made a pro-posal to the Ministry of Education. In 1899 the Ministry of Educa-tion promulgated a ministerial ordinance regarding teaching licenses for graduates of private schools, which included a policy granting private schools the privilege of certification without further govern-mental examination. Thus, the Philosophy Academy, along with these two other schools, immediately submitted an application which 118
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